Cheops times five

A journey to Switzerland’s legendary Gotthard Tunnel construction site.

Part 1

 

The St. Gotthard massif is a mythical place for many Swiss people. It’s a place where their ancestors created the Swiss Confederation, where they fought against the Habsburgs and where William Tell aimed his crossbow at apples and governors. For Beat Guggisberg the mountain railroad is a reminder of childhood vacations, but in a sense the St. Gotthard is also his mountain of destiny.

 

Chauve-souris, bats. That’s the first memory Beat Guggisberg has of the Gotthard. As a child he and his family once stayed at a campsite on the other side of the mountain massif. That’s where French-speaking children taught him the word for “bat”. "Our vacation started as soon as we left the Gotthard Pass behind," says the head of Technical Insurance at Allianz Suisse. The Gotthard: the frontier between school and freedom.

 

Back then he never dreamed that the Alpine massif would become the focus of his professional life. Today the 56-year-old knows the Gotthard like the back of his hand. Since construction of the longest rail tunnel in the world began in 1999, Guggisberg has driven into the mountains more than 100 times in his capacity as an Allianz risk consultant. But it’s never become routine. "When you’re standing in a freshly breached tunnel section and hear the rock groaning and creaking around you, it still makes you cringe, no matter how many times you’ve heard it."

The New Alpine Transversal Railway will close the gap in the European high-speed network. Travel time between Zurich and Milan will be cut by an hour
The New Alpine Transversal Railway will close the gap in the European high-speed network. Travel time between Zurich and Milan will be cut by an hour.
Beat Guggisberg of Allianz Suisse has been involved in the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel since the first test detonation. Photo: Frank Stern

Beat Guggisberg of Allianz Suisse has been involved in the construction of the Gotthard Tunnel since the first test detonation.

Photo: Frank Stern

The highest point of the old railroad is at an elevation of 1,150 meters, 600 meters above the Gotthard Base Tunnel

The highest point of the old railroad is at an elevation of 1,150 meters, 600 meters above the Gotthard Base Tunnel.

Colossal force

 

No wonder, when you consider that in some sections of the 57-kilometer-long dual-tube tunnel between Erstfeld in the north and Bodio in the south there’s 2,300 meters of rock towering above you. In some places the mountain caused the tunnel to cave in several times, resulting in considerable damage to the cladding and tunnel-boring machines. The engineers finally managed to tame this colossal force by using flexible steel arches that give slightly in response to pressure from the mountain, thus preventing the finished structure being deformed. The tunnel cladding and load-bearing structure should serve up to 100 years without any major maintenance work. The breakthrough of the first tube was achieved in October 2010. It was an emotional moment for all concerned.

 

Beat Guggisberg also has vivid memories of the first breakthrough in the Lötschberg rail tunnel in December 2002 – an engineering project insured entirely by Allianz. For the historic event, construction workers and engineers, dignitaries and a band waited at the rock face, which was then breached from the other side to great fanfare. Utter chaos ensued. Within seconds a thick cloud of dust had settled on everyone and made some of the musical instruments unplayable. “Everyone was coated in dust from head to toe,” says Guggisberg, unable to suppress a grin.

 

Anyone accompanying the man from Berne to the Gotthard Tunnel can learn something about rock formations as well as Swiss history. The drive along Lake Vierwaldstätter is a rich source of information for both disciplines. The trained geophysicist can tell you about how the Alps were formed and the properties of the various layers of rock, which drove the tunnel constructors to distraction in some places. The drive to the north portal of the Gotthard route also passes through terrain steeped in history. It was here that Swiss rebels fought the Habsburgs for supremacy over the mountains and valleys.

Facts and statistics Gotthard Base Tunnel Overall length: 57 kilometersConstruction costs: approx. CHF 12 billion
Maximum rock overlay: 2,300 metersMaximum rock temperature: 50 degrees Rail technology 290 km of tracks250 transformer stations6,000 km of cables480,000 concrete tie blocks417 SOS telephones120 km of transmitting cables (for cell phones) Maximum speed Freight trains: 160 km/hPassenger trains: 250 km/hMaximum elevation: 550 metersMaximum gradient: 0.12% Construction of the main tunnels 75 percent with a tunnel-boring machine25 percent with explosives
Installation of the rail systems in the Gotthard Base Tunnel is in full swing. In total, 290 km of track is being laid. Photo: Frank Stern

Installation of the rail systems in the Gotthard Base Tunnel is in full swing. In total, 290 km of track is being laid.

Photo: Frank Stern

On the other side of the lake is Rütli Meadow. According to national myth, it was here that the Swiss Confederacy was created at the end of the 13th century. And of course national hero William Tell is omnipresent. The William Tell plaque on the shore commemorates the place where the rebel escaped from his captors. He then lay in wait near the village of Küssnacht for the Habsburg provincial governor Hermann Gessler and shot him with a bolt from his crossbow: "Through this narrow pass he must come."

But enough digression into the humanities. We’re more interested in what’s happening in the Gotthard right now. We drive to Amsteg, one of the base tunnel’s five construction sections. It’s a two-kilometer-long access tunnel in the mountain-side that ends at the future railroad track. It was here in 2003 that work began on driving the two tunnel tubes in the direction of Sedrun.

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Katerina Piro
Allianz SE
Phone +49.89.3800-16048
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