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Iran

Last update – November 2021

Country rating 


HIGH RISK FOR ENTERPRISE
Economic risk

Business environment risk
Business environment risk
Political risk

Political risk
Commercial risk
Commercial risk
Financing risk
Financing risk
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GDP USD191.72bn (World ranking 50, World Bank 2020)
Population 83.99mn (World ranking 18, World Bank 2020)
Form of state
 Theocratic Republic
Head of government
 Ebrahim RAÏSSI (President)
Next elections
 2025

Strengths & weaknesses

  • World’s second largest known natural gas reserves and fourth largest oil reserves, which will last over 100 years at current rates of extraction (according to the government)
  • Large domestic market
  • Large FX reserves, currently providing 9 months import cover.
  • Very low external debt obligations
  • Occasional conflict between the twin pillars of power – the government and the theocracy.
  • Imposition of sharp sanctions and secondary sanctions by the U.S. after Iran withdrew from the Joint Comprehensive Plan of Action (JCPOA), known commonly as the Iran nuclear deal. This has raised the already high level of geopolitical risk for the region (e.g. a more radical stance of Iran on Israel and Saudi Arabia)
  • Regional dynamics are negative. Neighbors include Iraq, Afghanistan and Pakistan. The Syrian conflict and IS activities provide further uncertainties. Moreover, Israel is perceived as a security threat
  • Risk of domestic social unrest and a harsh response by the authorities
  • Very high exchange rate vulnerability. Black market rate is about 3-4 times above official rate
  • High double-digit inflation

Trade structure by destination/origin
(% of total)

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  Exports Rank Imports  
China 26.3% 1 26.1% China
Iraq 12.9% 2 13.6% United Arab Emirates
Taiwan 12.0% 3 9.7% India
Turkey 6.0% 4 7.3% Turkey
India 6.4% 5 5.4% Germany

Trade structure by product
(% of total)

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Exports Rank Imports
Petroleum, petroleum products and related materials  37.0%
 1 9.8% Cereals and cereal preparations
Plastics in primary forms 9.0% 2 8.0% Road vehicles
Vegetables and fruits 8.3% 3 8.0% Other industrial machinery and parts
Organic chemicals 6.1% 4 5.9% Electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s.
Iron and steel 5.9% 5 4.5% Iron and steel

Contact 

Manfred Stamer
Allianz Trade
+49 (0) 40 8834 3607
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